RESUMEN
Recent reports of Eucoleus garfiai in wild boars in southern Italy have highlighted the need for collecting epidemiological data on the presence of this parasite and understanding the role of possible interactions between wild boars, E. garfiai, and the environment. This study analyses, using histopathological and biomolecular techniques, the presence of E. garfiai in tongue samples of wild boars hunted in four provinces of the Campania and Latium regions (Italy), in areas located above and below 900 m above sea level (asl). Histopathological examinations revealed the presence of adults and eggs of nematodes, which were subsequently identified as E. garfiai by biomolecular analysis, in the tongue epithelium. The detection of the parasite was more frequent in samples collected from hunting areas located above 900 m asl than in those collected from areas located below 900 m asl (66.67% vs. 38.09%; p < 0.01). Some species of earthworms are intermediate hosts of E. garfiai and it is well known that earthworms are more present in high quality soils. Therefore, we can suggest that the higher prevalence of E. garfiai at higher altitudes is probably linked to a greater presence of earthworms in the soil, due to its higher quality in these areas.
RESUMEN
This study evaluates a population-based screening of asymptomatic people, using a rapid antigen diagnostic test (RADT), in areas of high transmission. To detect sources of SARS-CoV-2 infection, nasopharyngeal samples were taken and were tested using RADT. Confirmatory RT-qPCR tests were performed in both positive and negative cases. The internal validity of the RADT, the prevalence of infection, and the positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were estimated, based on the percentages of confirmed cases with 95% confidence interval. Of the 157,920 people registered, 50,492 participated in the screening; 50,052 were negative, and 440 were positive on the RADT (0.87%). A total of 221 positive RADT samples were reanalysed using RT-qPCR and 214 were confirmed as positive (96.8%; 95% CI: 93.5-98.7%), while 657 out of 660 negative RADT samples were confirmed as RT-qPCR negative (99.5%; 95% CI 98.7-99.9%). The sensitivity obtained was 65.1% (38.4-90.2%) and the specificity was 99.97% (99.94-99.99%). The prevalence of infection was 1.30% (0.95-2.13%). The PPVs were 95.4% (85.9-98.9%) and 97.9% (93.3-99.5%), respectively, while the NPVs were 99.7% (99.4-100%) and 99.2% (98.7-100%), respectively. The high specificity found allow us to report a high screening performance in asymptomatic patients, even in areas where the prevalence of infection was less than 2%.
RESUMEN
Our work shows that, despite the persistence of persecutory actions, conservation activity has proved successful for the return of numerous wild mammals to different habitats, including the wolf. The human-wolf conflict is still described in all countries where the wolf is present. This is evidenced by the high number of damages on livestock, and the corpses of wolves found both in protected areas and in those where hunting is permitted. The diagnosis of road accidents, together with poisoning and poaching, are major causes of mortality. Although hunting records the highest percentage of kills in Spain, the demographic stability reported by the censuses suggests that this activity does not have a consistent influence on the Iberian wolf population's survival. In Italy, where wolf hunting is prohibited, wolf populations are to be increasing. In some Italian situations, wolf attacks on horses seem to cause unwanted damage to foals, but they represent a very precious source of information about the habits of carnivores. A simple management plan would be sufficient to help the coexistence between the productive parts and the ecosystem services ensured by the presence of the wolf. The presence of hybrids is a negative factor.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia y la mortalidad por cáncer epitelial de ovario en el Área Sanitaria de León durante el período 1991-2001. Pacientes y métodos: Incluimos en el estudio a 236 mujeres con diagnóstico histológico de cáncer epitelial, invasivo, de ovario. Se calcularon las tasas brutas, acumuladas, truncadas, específicas por edad y ajustadas a la población mundial, tanto de la incidencia como de la mortalidad. Resultados: La tasa bruta de incidencia en todo el período es de 11,07 x 105 mujeres al año, la tasa ajustada de 5,97 x 105 mujeres al año, y la tasa acumulada, que indica el riesgo que tiene una mujer de esta área sanitaria de presentar un cáncer de ovario a lo largo de su vida, es de 0,15, es decir, 1,5 de cada 1.000 mujeres tendrán esta enfermedad. La tasa bruta de mortalidad es de 6,15 x 105 mujeres al año; la tasa ajustada, de 2,70 x 105 mujeres al año y la tasa acumulada de mortalidad, que indica el riesgo de morir por esta enfermedad, es de 1,39. Conclusiones: Las tasas de incidencia son similares o ligeramente superiores a las cifras publicadas para todo el territorio nacional; sin embargo, la tasa de mortalidad es menor que en otras provincias españolas y el conjunto de los países europeos, coincidiendo con las tasas de mortalidad apreciadas en el grupo de los países mediterráneos
Aim: To analyze the incidence and mortality of ovarian epithelial cancer in the health area of León between 1991 and 2000. Patients and methods: A total of 236 women with a histodiagnosis of invasive ovarian epithelial cancer were included in this study. We calculated the crude, accumulated, truncated, and age-specific incidence and mortality rates adjusted to the world population. Results: The crude incidence rate for the entire period was 11.07 x 105 women/year, the adjusted rate was 5.97 x 105 women/year, and the accumulated rate, which indicates the risk of developing ovarian cancer over a lifespan in women from this health area, was 0.15, that is, 1.5 out of every 1000 women will suffer from this disease. The crude mortality rate was 6.15 x 105 women/year, the adjusted rate was 2.70 x 105 women/year, and the accumulated mortality rate, which indicates the risk of dying from this disease, was 1.39. Conclusions: The incidence rates in this study are similar or slightly higher than those reported for Spain as a whole. However, the mortality rate is lower than that in other Spanish provinces and in the European Union as a whole and is similar to mortality rates in the group of Mediterranean countries
